Herbs Archives - VeggieHarvest.com https://veggieharvest.com/category/herbs/ Your Definitive Source for Vegetable and Herb Growing Information Tue, 24 Nov 2020 20:54:00 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.2.2 186480570 Basil Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/basil-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/basil-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Mon, 23 Nov 2020 08:28:00 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=68 Basil is used widely both fresh and dried in a variety of cuisines, particularly crucial in Mediterranean cooking. Some culinary experts suggest that dried basil simply cannot compare with the…

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Basil is used widely both fresh and dried in a variety of cuisines, particularly crucial in Mediterranean cooking. Some culinary experts suggest that dried basil simply cannot compare with the flavor of fresh basil, but few true basil lovers will not pass up either.

Basil comes in a range of varieties, from purple to lime green, curly to ruffled-edged leaves, and smooth to hairy leaves. Often referred to as sweet basil, this annual grows up to 2 feet tall. Its leaves are very fragrant with a rich, mildly spicy, mint/clove flavor. Use fresh leaves for maximum flavor in tomato sauces, salads, vinegars, teas, and eggs, and on lamb, fish and poultry; it is generally added at the last moment, as cooking quickly destroys the flavor. Add dry leaves to potpourris and sachets. Other species of basil vary in color, form, flavor, and fragrance.

Where to Grow

Basil is a tender half-hardy annual that is susceptible to frost damage. Because of this, it would be ideal for growing it in a pot to be brought indoors during cold weather. It prefers moist, well-drained, rich soil and full sun. It also prefers a climate with moderate temperature extremes, but it tolerates heat better than cold. The first fall frost will kill the plant.

Soil for Basil

Basil needs a well-drained soil that is high in organic matter. It does well in soil that many other plants wouldn’t tolerate; and too-fertile soil is a disadvantage, because it encourages lush foliage but a low oil content, which affects the aromatic quality of the herb. Do not fertilize basil; over-fertilizing is a disadvantage to most aromatic herbs. If the soil is very acidic, sweeten it with some lime. Otherwise, let it be.

Planting Basil

When –

It’s grown from seed or transplants, and you can plant either in spring, a week or two after your area’s average date of last frost. Basil makes a charming houseplant — put it in a sunny window.

How –

It transplants easily and also can be easily grown in a greenhouse. If you grow from seed, sow the seed 1/4 inch deep in rows 18 to 24 inches apart. When the seedlings are growing strongly, thin them to stand 10-12 inches apart. A sunny spot is best, but basil will tolerate light shade. Basil seeds itself and will often produce good plants if the soil is not disturbed too much in the spring. Using transplants in the spring will mean you can harvest your basil sooner. You can also buy a healthy plant from a nursery or farmers’ market stand and plant that. If you want to grow basil indoors, put it in a sunny window or under lights.

Temperature
Germination75 - 85 F
For GrowthHot
Soil and Water
FertilizerNot Recommended
pH5.5 - 7.0
WaterBelow Average
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4"
Root Depth8 - 12"
Height18 - 24"
Width20 - 30"
Space between plants
In beds10 - 12"
in rows12 - 18"
space between rows16 - 24"
Companions
CompanionsPepper, tomato
IncompatiblesCucumber, rue, snap beans
Harvest
Pick continuously before flower buds open, up to 6" below the flower buds or ends to encourage continuous growth. Cut in the morning after the dew has dried. Do not wash the leaves or aromatic oils will be lost.

How Basil Grows

Basil is quickly started from seed, and grows as high as 2 feet tall. It has large, oval-shaped, shiny leaves and small white flowers that bloom in clusters. The leaves are typically light green and soft textured with square stems and opposite leaves. Basil may also have either green or purple-red, soft-textured leaves, and spikes of small whitish or lavender flowers. Flowers in general are small, white and appear in spikes.

Storage Requirements
Leaves can be used fresh, dried, or preserved in oil (must be refrigerated) or in vinegar. To dry, find a warm, dry, dark place and hang bunches of snipped stems with leaves, or spread leaves on a wire mesh. When thoroughly dry, strip leaves off stems. Do not crush or grind leaves until you're ready to use them. Store in airtight containers or freezer bags in a dark place. Some people believe that basil stored in oil or vinegar is more flavorful than dried. If storing frozen pesto, don't add garlic until you're ready to serve, because garlic can become bitter in the freezer.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent (particularly for pesto)
DriedFair-good (relative to fresh basil)
FrozenGood

Cultivating Basil

Once established, pick the tops off often, as this will make the plant branch out and produce more leaves and slow down flower production. Continuous harvest benefits this herb because pruning encourages new growth. Unless the plant is pinched back, it becomes tall and leggy. Snip leaves frequently to flavor anything with tomatoes or use with fish and cheese dishes.

Harvesting Basil

Pick the basil as you need it by cutting a few inches off the top. This will encourage the plant to become bushy instead of going to flower. Store the crushed dry leaves in an airtight container in a dark place. You can also freeze the leaves. Studies advise against storing basil in the refrigerator, for it lasts longer when kept in a glass of water at room temperature. You can preserve larger quantities of basil by making pesto.

Basil Pests

None of significant concern.

Basil Diseases

None of significant concern.

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Chive Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/chive-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/chive-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Sun, 09 Aug 2020 13:04:06 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=75 Chives are virtually foolproof because they suffer no diseases or pests, are extremely hardy, and can grow almost anywhere. With a milder flavor compared to onions, chives are usually snipped…

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Chives are virtually foolproof because they suffer no diseases or pests, are extremely hardy, and can grow almost anywhere.

With a milder flavor compared to onions, chives are usually snipped raw as a finishing touch for salads, soups, sauces, vegetable and fish dishes. Chives also work well in egg dishes such as quiche and omelets.

Where to Grow Chives

Chives are a perennial warm-season herb, hardy to frost and light freezes and the earliest to appear in the spring. They also thrive in a cool greenhouse or on a kitchen windowsill.

Soil for Chives

This herb likes rich and well-drained soil, but can be found growing wild in dry, rocky places in northern Europe and in the northeastern United States and Canada. Chives prefer sandy soil with plenty of organic matter (this is important for perennial herbs in general) and good drainage. When you’re preparing the soil, dig in a low nitrogen (5-10-10) fertilizer at a rate of 1/2 pound for 100 square feet.

Planting Chives

When –

Chives are hardy and will grow practically anywhere in the united states. They do well in cool weather but can survive almost any extreme temperature swings. Plant either seeds or divisions about 4-6 weeks before your average last frost date. A late frost won’t hurt them.

How –

You can grow chives from seed or divisions of small bulbs separated from clumps. The seeds take a long time to germinate and need a very cool temperature, less than 60F. After their slow start, they grow quickly. Plant seeds 1/2″ deep in rows spaced 12″ apart. The plants can be fairly close together; small clumps (25 plants can be set out 6-8 inches apart in rows. They’ll fill in and make an attractive array.

Cultivating Chives

Chives will take care of themselves without much help from you, but there are a few things you can do to keep them healthy, happy, and productive. Chives will bloom midsummer and offer an attractive ornamental addition to the garden; if allowed to bloom, cut them back after flowering so new shoots will come up in spring. As with any plant, watering is important for good growth. The plants will survive neglect, but if you let the soil dry out, the tips of the leaves —the part you want to eat—will become brown and unappetizing. Thick, overgrown clumps can be divided; split the clumps from time to time. After several years, you can divide them for expansion or renewal. In the fall, dig up a cluster to pot indoors for continuous winter cutting. If you grow chives indoors, grow several pots so you can take turns clipping from them when you need chives for cooking and flavoring.

Temperature
Germination60 - 70 F
For GrowthHot
Soil and Water
FertilizerLight Feeder
pH5.5 - 7.0
WaterAverage
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4" - 1/2"
Root DepthBulb Clumps
Height6 - 18"
Width6 - 8"
Space between plants
In beds6"
in rows5 - 8"
space between rows12"
Companions
CompanionsCarrots, Celery, Grapes, Peas, Rose, Tomatoes
IncompatiblesBeans, Peas
Harvest
After the plant is 6" tall, cut some of the blades down to 2" above the ground to encourage plant production. Herbs should be cut in the morning after the dew has dried. Cut near the base of the greenery, not the chive tips, to encourage new tender shoots to emerge. Do not wash the cuttings or aromatic oils will be lost.

How Chives Grow

Chives are a hardy perennial relative of the onion with tufts of thin hollow leaves 6-10 inches long. When planted in the garden, they will produce for years once established. Chives have a hollow, grass-like, onion-flavored foliage that can be snipped for salads, soups, and egg and cheese dishes. Chive flowers are strikingly beautiful, rounded globes of soft purple that appear in late spring or summer. The chive blossom appears, dried or fresh, in many Japanese dishes.

Pots of chives are often sold in supermarkets during winter months. Since these chives may be infested with onion root maggots, which cause them to fail in a short time, remove the young plants from the sandy soil, wash the roots carefully, and replant in fresh, sterilized soil. These pots will grow nicely on a sunny window sill.

Storage Requirements
Chives are best used fresh or frozen, but can also be dried. Tie them in bunches and hand in a dry, well-ventilated area. Store them whole if possible, do not crush them until ready to use.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent
DriedFair-good
FrozenExcellent

Harvesting Chives

You can start snipping chives after 90 days from seed or 60 days from transplanted divisions. Either way, the plants will produce much better the second year. To harvest, it’s usual to just snip the tops off the leaves, but if you harvest from the base, you’ll avoid unattractive stubble. If you’re growing chives on the windowsill or the border of your flowerbed, you may not need to store any — you’ve got a regular supply right there. However, chives can be satisfactorily frozen or dried.

To dry, tie them in small bunches and hang them upside down in a warm, dry, dark place. Do not crush or cut them until ready to use. Store the stem whole if possible. If harvested with the flower, chives can be stored whole in white vinegar to make a pretty, light-lavender flavored vinegar for gifts. Another storage method is to alternately layer 1″ of kosher salt and with 1″ of chives in a glass jar. Pack down each layer with a spoon. Use these chives in any dish, just as you would fresh chives. They’re said to be especially tasty in soups. As a bonus, the brine can also be used to flavor soups and other dishes.

Chive Pests

Chives are trouble-free. Onion thrips may be a problem in a commercial onion-producing area, but they shouldn’t bother plants with enough water.

Chive Disease

Chives have no serious disease problems.

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Cilantro Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/cilantro-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/cilantro-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Fri, 25 Sep 2020 16:16:06 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=377 Coriander is also commonly referred to as cilantro, depending on your geographic location or orientation. Coriander is widely recognized as the seed used in Indian and meditation cuisine, whereas cilantro…

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Coriander is also commonly referred to as cilantro, depending on your geographic location or orientation. Coriander is widely recognized as the seed used in Indian and meditation cuisine, whereas cilantro is the leaf used in Central and South American cuisines. Coriander is an ancient herb with medicinal properties to aid in digestion and relieving rheumatism. In fact, it’s one of the oldest known herbs. It was grown in ancient Egyptian gardens, and its seeds have been found in Egyptian tombs.

Ground seeds are used to flavor gingerbread, cookies, pastries, baked apples, pears, cheese, eggs, and guacamole. Coriander is also called for in a lot of sausages. Minced cilantro leaves have a strong sage to citrus taste and are often used to flavor many foods and salsas and are commonly found in  Mexican or Spanish dishes.

Where to Grow

Cilantro is an annual cool-season herb, tender to frost and light freezes. In some warmer climates, cilantro is self-seeding if the soil is not significantly disturbed. It is hardy and relatively easy to grow, reaching a height of about 2 feet. Coriander grows almost anywhere that has a growing season of at least 100 days.

Soil

Cilantro prefers sandy loam with ample organic matter and full sun to partial shade. It grows best in a fertile, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. When preparing the ground, dig in a complete, well-balanced fertilizer at the rate of one pound per 100 square feet.

Temperature
Germination50 - 70 F
For GrowthCool
Soil and Water
FertilizerLight Feeder, N reduces flavor
pH5.5 - 7.0
WaterAverage
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4" - 1/2"
Root Depth8 - 18"
Height12 - 24"
Width6 - 12"
Space between plants
In beds6 - 8"
in rows8 - 12"
space between rows12 - 15"
Companions
CompanionsCaraway, Eggplant, Fruit trees, Potato, Tomato
IncompatiblesNone
Harvest
Leaves, stems, roots, and seeds are used in food preparation. Snip stalks with small, immature leaves for fresh leaves with best flavor. Cut back the top growth up to 6" below the flower buds or ends. Do not wash or aromatic oils will be lost. For seeds, harvest when the seeds and leaves turn brown but before the seeds drop, or cut the whole plant.

Planting

When –

Cilantro grows easily, although it does go to seed quickly when the weather turns hot. For a steady supply of the leaf, try sowing in succession every 1-2 weeks. If you’re growing it for seed, stake the plant at the time of sowing or transplanting. It’s not very hardy and will not survive hard frost, so plant coriander from seed in the early spring, 2-3 weeks after the average date of last frost.

How –

Plant the seeds a quarter-inch deep in rows 8 to 12 inches apart, and thin the plants to stand 12 inches apart when the seedlings are growing strongly.

Culture

Coriander should be kept evenly moist throughout the growing season, but when the seeds are nearing maturity, too much rain can reduce the yield. Do not fertilize coriander after preparing the ground just before planting.

How it grows

A bright green, fast-growing, hairless, annual plant reaching a height of 1 to 3 feet. It has tall slender stems with fine feathery leaves. The lower leaves are bright green and look similar to parsley, while the upper leaves are more feathery. The flowers are pale pink and grow in clusters. The best way to tell cilantro apart from celery is to smell it. Cilantro has a distinctive aroma.

Storage Requirements
Cilantro leaves store poorly unless preserved in something like salsa, but even then its flavor can fade in a day. Coriander seeds, on the other hand keep well in airtight jars. To dry seeds, tie the plant upside down in a warm, dark, dry place for several weeks until the seeds turn brown. Place stalks in a paper bag and thrash until all seeds are removed from the stems. Sift out seeds from the chaff. Another method to finish the drying process is to remove seeds from the stems and dry them in a slow oven (100F) until they turn a light brown. You can smell the difference between a properly air-dried or roasted coriander seed and seed that is still green. For best flavor, grind the seeds just before use. Store seeds in an airtight container in a cool dark place.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent; cuttings last 2-7 days in the fridge
DriedFair
FrozenExcellent for seed, poor for leaf

Harvest

You can pick a cilantro leaves any time after the plants are about six inches tall. Harvest the seeds when they turn a light brown, two to three weeks after flowering. The seeds are small — only an eighth inch in diameter — and are split in half and dried after harvesting. The dried seeds can be stored for months in an airtight container. You can freeze or dry the leaves. All parts of the plant are edible, including the root, which is similar in taste to the leaves but has an added nutty flavor.

Pests

Coriander has no notable pest problems.

Disease

Coriander has no notable disease problems.

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Dill Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/dill-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/dill-growing-and-harvest-information/#comments Sun, 18 Oct 2020 20:57:04 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=401 Dill is a biennial warm-season herb, very sensitive to light-freezes and frost. Dill is not technically a perennial plant because a single plant only lives 2 years. It is quite…

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Dill is a biennial warm-season herb, very sensitive to light-freezes and frost. Dill is not technically a perennial plant because a single plant only lives 2 years. It is quite proficient at self-seeding (if allowed). If left to grow naturally, A single dill plant should come back year after year. As a seed, it is used primarily for pickling (dill pickles). Seeds can also be ground or used whole to flavor meats, fish, eggs, cheese, and vegetables. Fresh leaves are often used in salads, soups, fish, eggs, and potatoes or as a garnish if you run out of(or get bored with) parsley. You can also make a marvelous leek and potato soup seasoned with dill.

Where to Grow Dill

Like most herbs, Dill can be grown pretty much anywhere and can withstand both heat and cool weather. Dill will tolerate partial shade; in light shade, the plants won’t get as bushy as in full sun. They can be planted closer together in partial shade. It can also be grown in the greenhouse if you provide a container large enough for its roots a, at least 6-8 inches in diameter, and pot it in rich soil.

Soil for Dill

Poor, sandy soil is an advantage when you’re growing dill — the herb will have stronger flavor — but the soil must drain well.

Planting Dill

When –

Grow it from seed sown in the spring or fall. Plant the seeds two or three weeks before your average date of last frost in rows two to three feet apart; they germinate quickly. If dill is not planted early enough, the seed may not develop until the beginning of the second year. Once established, dill will seed itself and return year after year.

How –

When the seedlings are growing well, thin them to 12 inches apart. You can also thin dill to form a clump or mass rather than a row. Make sure you know where you want the plants because dill has a relatively long taproot and is not easy to transplant, so don’t attempt to transplant once it grows beyond the seedling stage. Dill is short-lived, so make successive sowings to provide a continuous harvest.

Cultivating Dill

Dill is quite easy to grow and takes a minimal amount of attention. It doesn’t need too much water and seems to do better if it’s kept on the dry side. Fertilizing is unnecessary for dill. The only concern is support for the stems if the plant is not located in a protected spot. If dill is exposed to any wind the tall and fine stems should be staked to keep the stalks upright.

How Dill grows

Dill, a parsley family member, is a biennial grown as an annual with a taproot similar to a carrot. It grows 2-4 feet tall. Dill has finely cut leaves, and numerous deep yellow flowers comprise a flat head with compound umbels. It has a delicate soft feathery look and makes an attractive background for flowers or vegetables. Plants are self-seeding. The seeds scatter as soon as they are ripe and should be picked and dried immediately for winter use.

Temperature
Germination50 - 70 F
For GrowthHot
Soil and Water
FertilizerLight Feeder
pH5.5 - 6.5
WaterAverage
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4" - 1/2"
Root DepthVery long hollow taproot
Height3-4'
Width24"
Space between plants
In beds8 - 12"
in rows18 - 24"
space between rows24"
Companions
CompanionsNone
IncompatiblesNone
Harvest
Cut the tender feathery leaves close to the stem Herbs should be cut in the morning after the dew has dried. Do not wash or the aromatic oils will be lost. The flavor of dill foliage is best before the flower seed develops and when used the same day it is cut. If you want to harvest dill seed, let the plant flower and go to seed. Harvest when the lower seeds turn brown and before they scatter. The lower seeds on a head will brown first; the upper ones can dry indoors. Finish drying by tying stems together and hanging them upside down in a cool, dark, dry place, or place them in a paper bag with holes cut in the sides. Sift to remove the seed from the chaff.
Storage Requirements
The leaves wilt quickly upon harvesting, but this will not affect flavor. Spray whole stems lightly with a fine spray of water and wrap loosely in paper towels, and place in a plastic bag. Store in the vegetable bin of your refrigerator. It should last up to a week and perhaps even longer. You can also trim the stems, place in a glass with an inch of cold water, loosely wrap the top with a damp paper towel, and invert a plastic bag over the top before storing it in the refrigerator. Fresh dill sprigs can be frozen for up to 2 months, but be prepared for it to darken a bit in color—no need to thaw it before using. Frozen dill will still have more flavor than dried dill.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent; cuttings last 2-7 days in the fridge
DriedFair
FrozenGood

Harvesting Dill

When to harvest dill

Time from planting to harvest is 70 days for foliage, 90 days for seeds. To harvest, snip off the leaves or young flower heads for use in soups or salads. For pickling, cut whole stalks when the plant is more mature. Gather the mature seeds for planting (although the dill will do its own planting without your help if you leave it alone) or for drying. Dill seeds can be sprouted if they are allowed to dry naturally; store the dried seeds in an airtight jar. Crumble the dried leaves, and store them the same way. For the best flavor, snip the weed with scissors rather than mincing it with a knife.

Dill Pests

Dill, like most herbs, is a good choice for the organic gardener. It’s a member of the parsley family, so you may encounter a parsley caterpillar; hand-pick it off the plant.

Dill Diseases

Dill has no notable problems with diseases.

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Garlic Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/garlic-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/garlic-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Mon, 19 Oct 2020 10:48:34 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=423 Garlic is renowned for its broad range of culinary and medicinal uses, from reportedly imparting strength to laborers who built the pyramids to more modern studies about its antibacterial and…

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Garlic is renowned for its broad range of culinary and medicinal uses, from reportedly imparting strength to laborers who built the pyramids to more modern studies about its antibacterial and beneficial circulatory effects.

Where to Grow Garlic

Garlic is an annual or perennial cool-season crop and is hardy to frost and light freezes. Plant cloves in a sunny location in deep, rich, well-drained soil.

Soil for Growing Garlic

Garlic prefers full sun, moist, well-drained soil, and is quite tolerant of various soil types and textures. The preferred texture appears to be a sandy loam that is easily crumbled in hand. It does best when the pH is in the 6.2 to 6.8 range, but it can tolerate a wide range of pH and still produce well. The soil should drain easily, as standing water could cause the bulbs to rot in the ground. As with other root crops, proper preparation of the soil is crucial. The top 6-12 inches should be broken up well, so the roots are free to grow. This is also a good time to mix in some organic matter or manure to improve the soil.

Garlic Growing in a container

Planting Garlic

When –

Cloves may be planted in either fall or spring, but fall plantings will yield larger bulbs the next summer than spring plantings harvested in fall. Garlic should be planted 4-6 weeks before the last frost date. The plants benefit from having some warm weather to allow good root formation. It is a good sign to see the green shoots come up in late autumn; they can tolerate frigid weather.

Garlic seedlings growing in the garden
Temperature
Germination60 - 80 F
For GrowthCool
Soil and Water
FertilizerLight Feeder
pH4.5 - 8.3
WaterLow: For perennial bulbs, withhold all water during summer
Measurements
Planting Depth1" - 2"
Root Depth2 - 24"
Height1 - 3'
Width6 - 10"
Space between plants
In beds3"
in rows4 - 6"
space between rows12 - 15"
Companions
CompanionsBeet, Brassicas, Celery, Chamomile, Fruit Trees, Lettuce, Raspberry, Rose, Savory, Tomato
IncompatiblesBeans, Peas
Harvest
Green garlic shoots, a gourmet treat in many locales, can be cut from the bulbs going to flower and used like scallions. Garlic bulbs are ready to harvest when the tops turn brown and die back. Do not knock the tops down to hasten the harvest; some research indicates this practice will shorten storage life. Withhold water and in a few days, carefully dig to lift the plants up. Be careful not to bruise the bulbs so they won't get moldy or attract insects in storage.

How –

Although it can be started from seed, it’s easiest to grow from individual cloves. The bulb should not be “cracked” more than 48 hours before planting. Splitting the wrapper and separating the individual cloves before this causes them to dry out and lose viability. Bigger cloves tend to produce bigger bulbs, so save the largest cloves for your garden if you prefer large bulbs. The smaller ones are reported to taste better anyway.

The bulbs’ tips should be placed 2″ below the soil surface (3-4″ for elephant garlic), pointy side up. They can be spaced in rows 4-6″ apart, with rows at least 12-15″ apart.

Storage Requirements
Cure bulbs in the sun for up to 2 weeks to harden the skins and dry. To braid, keep the tops on. Otherwise, clip off the dried leaves and root bunches. Store in paper bags, net bags, or nylon stockings, tying a knot between each bulb in the stocking.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent; lasts 6-7 months
DriedGood as powder, slices, or granules

Cultivating Garlic

Remove any flower buds as soon as they develop. Garlic likes the soil to be moist but not soggy. Regular watering in the fall is essential for proper germination. If dry, watering in the winter may also be required. Stop watering once the bulbs are finishing development to allow bulbs to dry out before harvesting (about 4 weeks before harvest). Like onions, garlic does not compete well with weeds, so it is important to keep the weeds under control with mulch and constant weeding as required.

Garlic does appreciate fertilizer, and a general 10-10-10 works well, at a rate of 3 pounds per hundred square feet. This should be worked into the top few inches of the soil. One of the real keys to success is mulching. Mulching is essential to increase the plants’ tolerance to frigid weather; the colder it is, the more mulch is required. The mulch should be applied immediately after planting, perhaps after a good soaking. The garlic shoots should have no problem coming through several inches of mulch; it should help keep the weeds down as well. If the mulch is extra thick, you could remove some of it in the springtime, leaving enough to control the weeds.

Garlic Cloves

Harvesting Garlic

Garlic bulbs mature in an average of 6 to 10 months.

Many people wait too long to harvest garlic bulbs. Once the lower 1/3 – 1/2 of the leaves have turned brown, and there are still mostly green leaves near the top of the plant, it is ready to harvest. Observe your plants carefully to ensure you pick them in their prime. Generally speaking, they should be dug up. Pulling on the stalks will break the top off and leave the bulb submerged under the soil. Use a pitchfork to loosen the soil around the plant, which allows the entire plant to be lifted out of the ground freely.

Garlic will need to be cured before long term storage. A properly cured garlic clove can be safely stored for up to 6 months. The entire plant will need to be dried in a well-ventilated location. The simplest way is to tie up several plants together in a bunch and hang them for a few weeks. Do not wash the bulbs or allow them to be exposed to any water. Throw away moldy bulbs as soon as they are noticed. Once curing is complete, cut the tops off about 1″ above the roots. Garlic is stored best between 50-70F, and a relative humidity of ~ 50% seems to be ideal. They can be stored in an onion-type mesh, or burlap bag hung in a well-ventilated room. Do not store at high humidity or in the refrigerator. They will sprout in a hurry. The soft neck varieties tend to have a longer shelf life.

Garlic braided for storage.

Garlic Pests

None of major concern

Garlic Disease

None of major concern

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Ginger Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/ginger-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/ginger-growing-and-harvest-information/#comments Mon, 19 Oct 2020 11:43:53 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=451 Ginger is a spicy, fragrant herb that is utilized in many culinary dishes. Ginger is consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or a spice. It is often used fresh in stir-fry…

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Ginger is a spicy, fragrant herb that is utilized in many culinary dishes. Ginger is consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or a spice. It is often used fresh in stir-fry and curry dishes and dried in gingerbread and other baked goods. Most of the ginger grown in the United States comes from Hawaii.

You could plant ginger using what you find at your local grocery store; some specialty seed catalogs may also carry unique varieties. Colder regions will have to grow their ginger indoors or under some cover, but you can have it out in the garden between zones 7 and 10. Ginger does well in pots and containers, so this should not present much of a problem to those growers in colder regions.

Where to Grow Ginger

Ginger is a perennial herb that likes a warm, humid climate and filtered sunlight. It is a tropical plant but can still be grown in areas that receive light frost if the rhizomes are not exposed to freezing temperatures. Ginger is usually grown from a rhizome (the part you eat) and is often grown in a container to be moved indoors easily when there is danger of frost. If you live in a warm climate (zone 7-10), plant Ginger in a sheltered spot that receives filtered sunlight. Growing ginger in a hoop house or high tunnel may be the best option for those growers in colder regions if available. In colder regions, Ginger would likely do best in full sun. Ginger also does quite well with a hydroponic system.

Soil for Ginger

Ginger likes soil rich with organic matter, free of rocks, and in a location that drains well. Proper hilling is important, so it should either be planted in a trench or have sufficient soil nearby to facilitate hilling. It does best with a soil pH of 5.5 to 6.5. Because the ginger rhizome grows beneath the soil, the soil should be loose, so the rhizome is free to grow.

Planting Ginger

When –

Start sprouting your rhizomes (the part you eat) in late winter, so they will be ready to be transplanted in early spring. Even if your ginger will be grown exclusively indoors, the timing is still important because the plants need to receive summer sunlight.

How –

Ginger can be grown from rhizomes purchased at the grocery store. Look for large pieces with nubs or horns on them; these are the sections that will sprout. To wash off any growth retardant that may have been applied to the rhizomes, soak them in water for a few hours and rinse them well before planting.

Temperature
Germination71 - 77 F
For Growth75 - 85F
Soil and Water
FertilizerFeed an evenly balanced slow release organic fertilizer (5-5-5) about 6oz/foot every 6-8 weeks.
pH5.5 - 6.5
WaterHeavy
Measurements
Planting Depth2" - 4"
Root Depth<12"
Height2 - 3'
Width6 - 12"
Space between plants
in rows5 - 8"
space between rows3'
Companions
CompanionsBasil, Tomatoes
IncompatiblesOnions, Turnips
Harvest
Harvest baby ginger about 4-6 months after sprouting, mature ginger is generally harvested when the plant dies back in the fall or winter. To harvest dig up the rhizomes.

Ginger should be planted at a rate of 30 pounds per 100 feet of rows, and rows should be planted about 2-3 feet apart. That should allow a spacing of about 5″ per plant within the row. If growing in containers, ensure the container is flexible; if there are too many ginger plants in the same container, they could break the pot as the rhizomes grow. Also, make sure the containers allow for at least 12-14″ depth and at least that width. Plant rhizomes with buds facing upward in loose, moist soil that drains well, 2-4 inches deep, leaving part of the rhizome exposed. If planting in containers, use a light soil and add extra gravel to the pot’s bottom to improve drainage.

Best growth occurs under moist and humid conditions and average soil temperatures between 77F to 83F. Growth efficiency starts to drop off above 86F and below 75F. Ginger will grow well in full sun, especially when grown in colder climates. In its native tropical locations, it does quite well in partial shade. Vegetative growth is prompted with long day lengths, and rhizome enlargement is promoted under shorter day lengths. The day length response does vary among ginger varieties.

Ginger is a very versatile crop. Depending on your soil conditions, you may be able to increase the plant density without any effect on the overall yield.

Encourage rhizomes to root by placing them in flats with about an inch of coconut coir or other soil-less media. Water and place in a warm area, light is not important, but it is crucial to maintain temperatures between 70-80F day and night. Keeping ginger under these conditions for about 4-6 weeks allows the rhizomes to start growing. When shoots start to emerge, place the flats in a sunny location. This is very important for growing ginger in colder regions, as it gives your plants a necessary head start. You should be able to keep the ginger in this stage for about 8-10 weeks or longer as long as it is well fed and has room to grow. If your soil is already above 55F, the rhizomes can be planted directly into the soil.

How Ginger Grows

Compared to other herbs, ginger grows relatively slowly. They will eventually reach a height of 2 feet or more in a container and reach a height of 2-3 feet in the garden. Ginger grows with narrow-bladed reed-like leaves that are mostly vertical. The ginger rhizomes will tend to grow out and up.

Storage Requirements
Place ginger in the crisper drawer of your refrigerator for approximately 3 weeks. It can also be wrapped in wax paper and placed in a sealed plastic bag in the freezer for approximately 3 months. Peeled ginger can also be preserved for up to three months in the refrigerator if submerged in a dry sherry. The ginger will absorb a slight wine flavor, and should be avoided in recipes where this would be undesirable.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent
DriedGood
FrozenGood

Cultivating Ginger

It’s important to keep the ginger plant moist, especially in the hot summer months. Mulch can be applied to help retain some moisture. The mulch will also retard weed growth, which is important because ginger’s shallow roots are easily disturbed by weeding. Ginger likes crowded spaces, but you may need to divide the plant every couple of years for optimum growth.

If you live in a cooler climate, the plant will need to be moved inside when there is any frost danger. Allow the plant to yellow and trim the leaves off of the plant. Water the soil once a month(or less) to keep the roots viable, and then set the plant out again in the spring when the danger of frost has passed. If the roots are too wet, they will rot. With any luck, the plant should come back the next spring. If stored properly, rhizomes should remain viable for up to 2 years.

Ginger is a heavy feeder but a poor competitor for nutrients. This means you will have a reduced yield if you do not supplement your ginger with fertilizer. The fertilizer you choose should be fully decomposed and complete in nutrition. Something with a 5-5-5 ratio would be a good selection. It is also recommended to amend soils that bind nutrients so that ginger can feed easily; gypsum is one example of such an additive. If your ginger leaves begin to yellow or look burnt at the edges, or if the leaves improperly begin to unfurl, assess the water schedule and add an extra feeding into your schedule. These are symptoms of insufficient nutrients due to overwatering and/or underfeeding.

A drip system is the recommended irrigation method for ginger; this is the best way to ensure it is consistently and adequately watered. Be careful not to overwater just after transplanting. Doing so will retard growth and may affect yields. If your site is arid, misting the canopy may increase yields. Additional watering will also help wash away nutrients, so make sure to increase feedings if you are watering excessively.

Hilling ginger will increase yields. As the shoots begin to grow, the base of the shoot will be bright white. When the base of the shoot turns from bright white to bright pink, hill the crop about 4″. This should occur roughly every 4-6 weeks. It is recommended to add fertilizer each time you hill. Hilling means covering the rhizomes with an additional amount of soil and pull out any weeds as well. This will have a positive effect on the plant’s yield.

Harvesting Ginger

Harvesting baby ginger (tender flesh, no skin to peel, no stringy fibers, mild ginger flavor) can begin 4-6 months after sprouting began. The rhizomes should be cream colored with pink scales when ready to harvest. Mature ginger rhizomes (as sold in the grocery store) will generally be ready to be harvested in about 10-12 months, or after the leaves die back in the fall/winter. When harvesting, you can choose to harvest the entire plant, or you can just cut off what you need and allow the plant to continue growing. If storing some of your rhizomes over winter, make sure they stay above 55F to ensure they will remain viable next year.

Ginger Pests

Banana aphid, Chinese rose beetle, Fijian ginger weevil, Ginger maggot, Turmeric root scale, Nigra scale, Cardamom thrips.

Ginger Diseases

Leafspot, Stem and bulb nematode, fusarium yellows, spiral nematode, Root-knot nematode, Rhizome rot, Bacterial wilt, Root rot, Burrowing nematode, Stunt nematode, Dagger nematode.

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Lavender Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/lavender-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/lavender-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Mon, 19 Oct 2020 12:10:47 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=462 Lavender is among the most evocative of all fragrances. A favorite bath additive of both the ancient Greeks and Romans, lavender takes its name from the Latin lavare, meaning to…

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Lavender is among the most evocative of all fragrances. A favorite bath additive of both the ancient Greeks and Romans, lavender takes its name from the Latin lavare, meaning to wash. Aromatic flowers are great for potpourri, it also has many culinary and medicinal uses.

Where to Grow Lavender

Zones 5-9. Lavender is a fast-growing plant that requires full sun. Lavender loves dry, sunny, and rocky habitats and is native to the Mediterranean. Think of Los Angeles and San Francisco as areas in the United States representative of their native climate. They can easily be grown elsewhere; England could hardly be considered dry or sunny, yet English gardeners are well known for their lavender plants. While you can grow lavender in zone 5, it is unlikely that you will ever have a lavender hedge. Lavender is a tough plant, and is extremely drought resistant, once established. It is dampness, more so than cold, that is responsible for killing most plants. Dampness comes in the form of wet roots in the winter or humidity in the summer. Give your plants plenty of room to breath in the summer if it is humid in your area, and use mulch to minimize the effect of the ground freezing and thawing repeatedly. It will need to be removed after winter is over. Planting next to a brick wall or similar will set up a suitable micro-climate for the plants, protecting them from harsh winter winds, as well as re-radiating some of the absorbed heat from the sun to help keep them warm.

Soil for Lavender

Average well-drained soil, with a pH of ideally 7.1. A high humus content and rather low fertility produces the best results, as does excellent drainage. As with many herbs, less than ideal conditions improve its fragrance. Very fertile soil will produce beautiful plants but decrease the production of the aromatic oils on which the plant’s fragrance depends.

Temperature
Germination70 - 75 F
For Growth65 - 75 F
Soil and Water
FertilizerNot necessary
pH6.0 - 8.0
WaterBelow average
Measurements
Planting Depth4 - 6"
Root Depth8 - 12"
Height18 - 36"'
Width24"
Space between plants
In beds12"
in rows12 - 18"
space between rows3 - 4'
Companions
CompanionsThyme, also helps vegetables stay healthy and produce more flavor.
IncompatiblesNone
Harvest
Harvest flowers as soon as they bloom.

Planting Lavender

When –

Seeds are typically sown indoors. Cuttings in spring, summer, or early autumn can also be used to propagate the species. Cuttings taken in the spring and fall will do the best. Cut a 2-3 inch piece from the main stem, and strip off the lower leaves. Dip the bottom into a rooting compound, and place in a sterilized potting soil with damp pearlite and sand (50/50) to start. Place in a well-protected, warm, sun-filled room, and keep moist. Once rooted, move outside a few hours at a time to gradually harden them off. Once the cuttings have reached about 9-12″, they are ready to be planted outdoors. The best time to plant is either in the spring or fall.

How –

Lavender is a perennial, growing 18-36″ tall. It is a bushy to sprawling plant with small, lance-shaped, greenish-gray leaves. Spikes of lavender blossoms can be found in the following colors: purple, pink, and white. Tender varieties are grown as annuals.

Cultivation of Lavender

Lavender field in bloom

Remove faded flowers. Trim to maintain size and shape, and to remove old dead wood in early spring before new growth starts or late fall, after flowering. DO NOT prune old wood; it will not re-grow. Taller varieties should be cut back by approximately 1/3. If your plants are affected by a particularly cold winter, wait to see how they do in the spring before attempting any rigorous pruning. If you don’t prune lavender, it will develop a woody center, and new growth will stop at the central core; it will only flower along the plant’s outer edges.

Harvesting Lavender

Harvest flowers just as they open, preserve by drying. Wrap several flower stems together with rubber bands and hang upside down; they should dry in ~2 weeks, depending on the humidity level. Harvest should generally begin 10-14 weeks after planting vegetative cuttings in the soil, or 18-23 weeks from seed.

Lavender Pests

none.

Lavender Disease

none.

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Mint Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/mint-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/mint-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Mon, 19 Oct 2020 15:02:34 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=472 Mint is a quick growing and often invasive perennial herb which comes in many varieties. It can be used to calm an upset stomach and to relieve muscle spasms. Leaves…

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Mint is a quick growing and often invasive perennial herb which comes in many varieties. It can be used to calm an upset stomach and to relieve muscle spasms. Leaves are used in jellies, sauces, teas, and to flavor various candies. There are numerous species with various scents. More popular mints include spearmint, peppermint, apple mint, and orange mints. A sprig of fresh mint is a pretty garnish for summer drinks — and you can’t have a mint julep without it. Try adding a couple of sprigs of mint to the water before cooking your peas. Toss boiled new potatoes with butter and chopped mint—a nice change from parsley. Instead of mint jelly with a lamb roast, try the traditional English mint sauce. Add a little sugar to a couple of tablespoons of chopped fresh mint leaves, add boiling water to bring out the flavor, then top off with vinegar to taste.

Where to Grow Mint

In general, mints are very hardy and can easily be grown almost anywhere in the United States. Plant them from root divisions any time during the growing season.

Soil for Mint

Mints grow well in any soil; they prefer sun but will tolerate partial shade. Don’t fertilize before planting; they will produce more than adequate supply of mint without it.

Planting Mint

When –

Although you can plant mints anytime during the growing season, root divisions will be established faster if planted on a cool, moist day in spring or fall.

How –

Mint varieties grown from seed will not grow “true.” So it’s generally more satisfactory to use root divisions, which can even be purchased in grocery stores these days. An innocuous little plant of mint will wander all over the garden if it gets half a chance, so plant each one in a container that will keep the roots in one place — a two-pound coffee can with both ends removed is good. Space plants two or three inches apart in rows 18 to 24 inches apart.

Cultivating Mint

To contain invasive growth, plant mint in a container from which the bottom has been removed and set into the ground. Don’t fertilize mints; they’ll never miss it. Both peppermint and spearmint prefer moist soil, so they’ll require more watering than the rest of the garden. Keep them evenly moist until root divisions are well established.

Temperature
Germination60 - 80 F
For GrowthCool
Soil and Water
FertilizerNot necessary
pH5.6 - 7.5
WaterAbove Average
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4"
Root Depth2 - 24"
Height18 - 24"
WidthSprawling
Space between plants
In beds12"
in rows12 - 18"
space between rows18 - 24"
Companions
CompanionsBrassica, Peas, and Tomato can benefit
IncompatiblesMint is very invasive and should be kept away from other spices; they will absorb a minty flavor also.
Harvest
Basically cut the leaves when needed. A pair of scissors or nipping with fingers both work well. It pays to cut the top leaves first, to encourage the plant to shoot out again further down the stem. Never strip the plant of all it's leaves. Just prior to flowering, cut stems 1" above the soil. you can harvest mint 2-3 times in one growing season.

Harvesting Mint

When to harvest mint?

The more mint you pick, the better the plants will grow, and you can pick sprigs throughout the growing season. Mint can be harvested at any time, and it is recommended that you harvest it as needed to enjoy it at its peak freshness. For a large harvest, it is best to wait until the flavor is most intense. The flavor will peak just before it starts to flower. Mint will tolerate a light frost, but you may want to consider harvesting any remaining mint to use over the winter if a hard frost is predicted.

How to harvest mint leaves?

To harvest the entire plant, cut it down to 1-2″ above the soil. You’ll get a second smaller harvest the same season as the plant will regrow. Fresh mint can be kept for several days in the refrigerator. If they’re dirty or sandy, rinse them gently just before using them. Wrapped in a paper towel and placed in a plastic bag, herbs stay fresh for several days. Those herbs that still have their roots can be kept longer; place them in fresh water at room temperature, like cut flowers. You can wrap the roots in a damp cloth and store the herbs in a plastic bag in the warmest part of your refrigerator. You can also freeze the herbs whole or chopped, without blanching; if you wash them, dry them thoroughly. To dry, strip the mint leaves from the stem and let them dry in a warm shady area. The dried leaves can be stored in a jar with an airtight seal and remains flavorful for up to 2 years if kept in a dark place.

Storage Requirements
Store fresh mint leaves in a plastic bag in the refrigerator. Leaves can be finely chopped and mixed with a small amount of olive oil to be frozen. Dry entire branches in a slow oven, a food dehydrator, or hang in a warm, dry and dark place. Store in airtight jars in a dark place for the best flavor retention.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent
DriedFair
FrozenGood

How Mint grows

Mint is a tall (2-3′), shallow-rooted, fast-spreading perennial with square stems and leaves that usually have a purple tinge. It is very prolific—once you set them in a corner of the garden, they’ll quietly take over. Its roots spread freely, so it is commonly contained in a pot or physical barrier. Its long spear-like leaves are slightly curled and deeply veined and have a refreshing, clean aroma. Vegetative cuttings usually propagate the plant. The light lavender flowers appear in terminal spikes (2-4″ long) and bloom through most of the growing season. You may also come across varieties like golden apple mint, which has a more delicate flavor than spearmint. This plant also has pale purple flowers, but the leaves are dark green streaked with gold. Orange mint, sometimes known as bergamot mint, gets its name from its delicate scent of oranges. Orange mint has reddish-green leaves edged with purple; the flowers are lavender.

Mint Pests

Mints have no notable pest concerns.

Mint Disease

Mints are susceptible to verticillium wilt and mint rust. Prevent these diseases by removing all the dead stems and leaves from the bed before winter.

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Oregano Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/oregano-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/oregano-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Mon, 19 Oct 2020 15:35:41 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=487 The name “oregano” is more accurately applied to a flavor than to a plant, and there are two varieties that you can grow for seasoning and call oregano, which is…

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The name “oregano” is more accurately applied to a flavor than to a plant, and there are two varieties that you can grow for seasoning and call oregano, which is most commonly used as a spice in a dried form. Origanum vulgare is typically grown; it’s hardier and easier to propagate than the alternative, Origanum heracleoticum—also known as wild marjoram is another commonly available species.

Serving ideas: Oregano is an essential ingredient in many Italian dishes. It is the most common spice for pizza, and in general, goes well with any tomato-based dish. It also combines well with basil. Try it with cooked vegetables, potato salad, fowl, stuffing, soups, scrambled eggs, and omelets.

Where to Grow Oregano

Oregano can be grown anywhere in the United States from root divisions or seed planted early in spring. In general, it is a sprawling herb and is not well suited for growing indoors.

Soil for Oregano

Oregano prefers light, well-drained, slightly alkaline soil with full sun. Just like most herbs, a rich and moist soil weakens the flavor and aroma. Also, oregano should not be fertilized if grown for its flavor or aroma. Fertilizing oregano will allow the plant to produce an abundance of flavorless foliage.

Planting Oregano

When –

Start seedlings 6-8 weeks before the last frost date for your area. Plan on planting the seedlings outside on the average last day of frost, when they are about 3″ high. They can be planted outdoors earlier with some protection from the cold.

How –

Seeds tend to germinate slowly, and in addition, expect at least 25% of the seeds to be duds. They will germinate more consistently in controlled conditions, such as a windowsill or greenhouse. You shouldn’t plan on storing your seeds for an extended period of time, as the germination rate will decline rapidly with additional storage time. Seeds can be directly planted in the ground in spring or started indoors in seed flats to be transferred outdoors when ready. Don’t forget to harden off young seedlings for a week or so to get them accustomed to the outdoor temperature variation and sunlight intensity.

Temperature
Germination60 - 70 F
For GrowthCool
Soil and Water
FertilizerNot necessary
pH6.0 - 8.0
WaterBelow Average
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4"
Root Depth14"+
Height24 - 30"
Width20 - 24"
Space between plants
In beds12"
in rows6 - 12"
space between rows12 - 18"
Companions
CompanionsCucumber, Melons, Pepper, Pumpkins, Squash
IncompatiblesNone
Harvest
The leaves can be cut once the plant reaches a total height of about 6". Cut the stems down to a few inches above the soil. To prolong the harvest, cut the flower buds off as they appear.

Oregano has a spreading root system and can also be propagated by cuttings. Cuttings are typically taken in late spring once the leaves are firm enough to prevent wilting when placed in sand. Place cuttings in a well-protected area, and ensure the roots do not dry out. Once the cuttings establish a root system, they can be transferred outdoors into a pot or directly into the ground.

How Oregano Grows

Oregano is generally considered as a perennial herb, with creeping roots, branched woody stems, and slightly hairy grayish-green leaves, oval in shape. It grows to about 2-2.5 feet tall and 2 feet wide and produces small blooms of pink, white, or purple on tall stems from late July until September. Once each flower matures, it will produce four small seed-like structures.

Storage Requirements
Oregano is most commonly used dried. Hang bunches, then store in airtight containers away from direct sunlight.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent
DriedGood
FrozenGood

Culturing Oregano

Keep oregano plants on the dry side. Newly planted oregano may require some irrigation, but once established, it will require very little water. As with most other herbs, fertilizing will reduce the production of essential oils, which gives the distinctive flavor and aroma of oregano. It should not be fertilized at all if grown as a culinary herb. Old woody branches that become leggy (more stem than leaf) should be cut out at the end of winter, and plants should be replaced every five years to prevent legginess. The lifespan of oregano is about five or six years, and usually, one harvest is done in the first year and two in the following years.

Harvesting Oregano

Harvesting the leaves and stem tips should start when plants are at the flowering stage, starting about 4 to 10 inches from the ground. It is ready to harvest once the flowers begin to appear. The production of essential oil declines after flowering, so either harvest before flowering or cut the flowers off to extend the growing period. To harvest the entire plant, cut the stems a few inches above the ground. If harvesting for fresh use, let the plant grow until it is about 6″ high, then pinch off the stems’ tips for cooking. This will also encourage fuller foliage production.

Pests

Oregano deters pests in general and does not suffer any serious problems with pests.

Disease

Oregano as a species does not typically suffer from disease.

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Parsley Growing and Harvest Information https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/parsley-growing-and-harvest-information/ https://veggieharvest.com/herbs/parsley-growing-and-harvest-information/#respond Tue, 20 Oct 2020 12:30:47 +0000 https://veggieharvest.com/?p=498 A hardy biennial that can be harvested all year round with winter protection. Flat-leaf and French parsley are the two most common varieties. The leaves and stems are used as…

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A hardy biennial that can be harvested all year round with winter protection. Flat-leaf and French parsley are the two most common varieties. The leaves and stems are used as a garnish in salads and as a condiment. Parsley’s reputation as a garnish often does it a disservice—it gets left on the side of the plate. In fact, it’s been known for thousands of years for its excellent flavor and versatility.

Add chopped parsley to buttered potatoes and veggies; toss it on a sliced tomato salad along with a pinch of basil. Parsley is also a natural breath freshener and an excellent source of vitamin C, calcium, and iron.

Where to Grow

Parsley will grow anywhere and can survive cold. It tolerates heat, but sweltering weather will make the plant go to seed. An ideal herb for container growing, it normally grows to a height of 1′. It also does well as a houseplant; some gardeners bring parsley in from the garden in fall and let it winter in a bright window.

Soil for Parsley

Prefers fertile, well-drained, moist soil in full sun to partial shade. Don’t fertilize before planting.

Planting Parsley

When –

Start seeds indoors six weeks before the average date of last frost. For transplants, set out two to three weeks before your average date of last frost.

How –

Plant it from seed; they take a long time to germinate, but you can speed up the process by soaking them in warm water overnight before planting. Plant the seeds a 1/4″ deep in rows 18 to 24 inches apart. Thin the seedlings to 12 to 18 inches apart when they’re growing strongly.

Temperature
Germination60 - 80 F
For GrowthCool
Soil and Water
FertilizerNot necessary
pH5.8 - 7.2
WaterAverage
Measurements
Planting Depth1/4"
Root Depth24"
Height18 - 24"
WidthSprawling
Space between plants
In beds12"
in rows12 - 18"
space between rows18 - 24"
Companions
CompanionsAsparagus, Carrot, Chives, Onions, Roses, Tomatoes
IncompatiblesLettuce, Onion
Harvest
Basically, cut the leaves when needed. A pair of scissors or nipping with the fingers both work well. It pays to cut the top leaves first, to encourage the plant to shoot out again further down the stem. To harvest the entire plant, bunch the stalks together and cut them off with a pair of sharp scissors or a knife.

Cultivating Parsley

Parsley is fairly easy to care for. The most important thing is to keep the soil moderately moist; parsley needs a regular supply of water to keep producing new leaves. Fertilizing the soil is not necessary for parsley to grow well. To encourage the growth of new foliage, cut off the flower stalk when it appears. The flower stalk shoots up taller than the leaves, and the leaves on it are much smaller than the surrounding leaves.

How Parsley Grows

A biennial plant treated as an annual, growing to a height of 1 1/2 feet. It has finely divided, fern-like leaves that are either flat (Italian) or curly, depending on variety. The leaves grow in a rosette from a single taproot that, in some varieties, is quite large and can be eaten like parsnips. Parsley has flat-topped clusters of greenish-yellow flowers, similar to those of dill (which belongs to the same family).

Storage Requirements
Store fresh parsley in the refrigerator in a perforated plastic bag. Wash it first, as it could be earthy, sandy, or very damp. If it is wilted, sprinkle it lightly with water before refrigerating it; or if you have washed it avoid drying it completely. Although parsley freezes well (without blanching), it loses it's crispness; use it raw. Store dried parsley in an airtight container kept in a cool, dark, dry place. You can dry most herbs by tying them in small bundles and hanging them up with a string. Hang them upside down to dry. When completely dry, remove stems and put in jars. They will keep all winter and beyond. They can also be dried in a slow oven (100F) or a food dehydrator.
MethodTaste
FreshExcellent; cuttings last 2-7 days in the refrigerator
DriedFair
FrozenGood

Harvesting Parsley

When to Harvest Parsley

Parsley is ready to cut or harvest in about 70 to 90 days after planting. A 10-foot row of parsley will keep you and all your neighbors well supplied. Harvest parsley leaves any time during the growing season; cut them off at the plant’s base. Parsley is not affected by hard frosts, and if protected, it can be harvested all winter long. Otherwise, it will die back in the winter and be best to harvest before winter fully sets in. Parsley will generally retain its rich color until early winter.

How to Harvest Parsley

To harvest or cut parsley leaves, cut the stems off at the bottom of the plant. If you only want a few leaves, it is recommended that you pick leaves from the outside. This allows new leaves to grow from the middle of the plant and harvests the older growth. Many gardeners harvest the entire parsley plant in fall and dry it; you can also bring the whole plant inside for the winter and make it a houseplant. Parsley lends itself well to freezing and drying. Store the dried leaves in an airtight container.

Parsley Pests

The parsley caterpillar is the only pest you’re likely to have to contend with. Hand-pick it off the plants.

Parsley Diseases

Parsley has no serious disease problems.

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